Japanese
management development escalated due to its system of management which has some
certain features:-
Reflection
of national character:
Every Japanese tries to give their 100% in industry. They put their national
interest above anything else and feel proud of being Japanese.
Scientific
selection: That
large company conduct competitive examination. Those student passed the
examination they can gain jobs but company provide their own training.
Life time
employment: Lifetime
employment refers to recruitment of employees immediately upon graduation
generation of employment until retirement, and
mandatory retirement. Under lifetime employment an employee spends his
entire working life with a single enterprise. This helps generate a feeling of
job security in the employee and a
feeling of belongingness towards the enterprise.
Seniority
system: This concept
is closely related to the concept of lifetime employment companies following
this concept, provide privileges to older employees who have been with it for a
long time. Promotion and wage increases are based on employees length of
service in the company, not job performance.
Continuous
training: The secret
of the success of Japanese managers may lie in “continuous training". Both
on the job ad off the job training help to enhance workers productivity.
Quality
control: Japanese
industries ensure quality of products through QCC which acs as a continuous
process with workers as members.
Paternal
human relations: The
Japanese managers act as ‘parents’ of subordinates and take care of their
problems as guardians. The use of ‘Confucian’ concept into management has
developed paternal human relations.
Participative
management: The
practice of managerial decision-making in Japan is built on the concept that
change and new ideas should come primarily from personnel belonging to lower
levels in the hierarchy. Thus in Japan lower level employees prepare proposals
for higher-level personnel. The ‘ringi system’ refers to decision-making by
consensus. The word ringi consists of two parts ‘rin’ which means submitting a
proposal to one’s superior and getting his approval, and ‘gi’ meaning
deliberations and decisions.
