"Z"
theory also referred as Popular management theory, representing combining
Japanese system of Management, with the best of the theories of X and Y of
Douglas Mc Gregor in America. According to the Z theory "Successful
organizations are ones that have a culture that reflects the values of the
employees." In the past American workers valued individual decision making
and responsibility, employee specialization, rapid promotions, etc., and did
not get social satisfaction from the job. Instead the church, community,
family, etc., provided social needs. Type Z model organizations now attempt to
integrate parts of the Japanese model of management (collective decision
making, slow evaluation and promotion, and holistic concern), individual
responsibility from the U.S. model of management, and variations of other
aspects of management models to create a hybrid model of management.
Characteristics
of Theory Z (Popular Management Theory)
Basic
postulates of the Japanese management system is as under-
Collective
decision making with ultimate responsibility lying with one person.
Close
personal relationships.
Trust
Emphasis
on interpersonal skills.
respect
and value of employees
long-term
employment
Community
feeling at work.
A
strong company philosophy & culture
Long
term staff development and employment
Consensus
in decisions
Generalist
employees
Informal
control with formalized measure
Individual
responsibility