Goal setting theory of management
This theory
is postulated by Edwin Locke. According to him, motivation is a result of rational
and intentional behaviour.
He suggests that managers and subordinates should establish goals on a
regular basis. Goals should be moderately difficult and specific.
Reinforcement theory of management
Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF
Skinner and his associates. It states that individual’s behavior is a function
of its consequences. This theory focuses totally on what happens to an
individual when he takes some action. The managers use the following methods
for controlling the behavior of the employees: Positive Reinforcement, Negative
Reinforcement, Punishment, Extinction.
Expectancy theory of management
This
theory is postulated by VICTOR VROOM. It presents a valid, comprehensive and
useful approach to management. It is a choice model. It was Built around three
concepts:
1.
Valence-value of the outcome of the person versus aversion
2.
Expectancy-belief that if I try hard, I can do better
3.
Instrumentality-belief that, I do better I can get reward.
