System
1(Exploitative-Authoritative) features:
·
Control: Concentrated
at the top level.
·
Goals: Goals
established by top level and there exist strong resistance to goals.
·
Decisions: Management
rarely provides information to subordinates and subordinates are not involved
in the decision making relating to their work.
·
Communication: Communication
is downward largely. Upward communication is little and distorted
·
Motivation: Motivational
reform is low except the top.
·
Leadership: Rarely
participative
System
2(Benevolent-Authoritative) features:
·
Control: Concentrated
at the top level.
·
Goals: Goals
established by top level and there exist strong resistance to goals.
·
Decisions: Provision for
the delegation of decision making.
·
Communication: Communication
is mostly downward largely. Upward communication is frequently flattered for
the superiors.
·
Motivation: Motivation relatively
low but higher than system 1.
·
Leadership: Slightly more
participative
System
3(Consultative) features:
·
Control: Broad policies
decided at the top. Substantial delegation of decision making flows down
through the organization.
·
Goals: Goals are
formulated at the top after consultation.
·
Decisions: Subordinates
are involved in decision making relating to their work.
·
Communication: Communication
is both upward & downward without much distortion.
·
Motivation: Rewards used
as motivational forces.
·
Leadership: Significantly
more participative
System
4(Participative) features:
·
Control: Highly group
process oriented.
·
Goals: Goals are
established through participation of all level.
·
Decisions: Decisions are
made by consensus.
·
Communication: Communication
flow is downward, upward and lateral with little distortion.
·
Motivation: Highly
motivated with extensive involvement.
·
Leadership: Most
participative
